A physiological dead space could be something like a blood clot that cuts down perfusion around well-ventilated alveoli. This will decrease ventilation but not affect perfusion therefore, the V/Q ratio changes and gas exchange is affected. A physiological shunt can develop if there is infection or edema in the lung that obstructs an area. This happens when there is a lack of blood flow where the alveoli have enough air to oxygenate blood or there is a lack of air in an area where the blood flow is normal.
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